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    Ipayipi Elihlanganisiwe Elihlanganisiwe le-GBT9711-2011 Lomugqa Wamanzi Ongaphansi Komhlaba

    Ipayipi Elihlanganisiwe Eliyindilinga I-GBT9711-2011 Lomugqa Wamanzi Ongaphansi Komhlaba Isithombe Esifakiwe
    • Ipayipi Elihlanganisiwe Elihlanganisiwe le-GBT9711-2011 Lomugqa Wamanzi Ongaphansi Komhlaba

    Incazelo emfushane:

    Emkhakheni omkhulu wobunjiniyela bezimboni, ingxenye ebalulekile eqinisekisa amandla nokuthembeka ivame ukunganakwa - ipayipi elihlanganisiwe eliyindilinga. Naphezu kwesimo salo esiphansi, lesi simangaliso sobunjiniyela sibonisa ukuguquguquka okuphawulekayo, sivumelana nezicelo eziningi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Namuhla, sihlola imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi yepayipi elihlanganisiwe eliyindilinga, sihlola isakhiwo salo, izinzuzo kanye nendima eyisisekelo ekusekeleni ingqalasizinda yesimanje.


    Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

    Amathegi Omkhiqizo

    Ukunemba kwepayipi elihlanganisiwe eliyindilinga:

    Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elijikelezayo liyisenzo esimangalisayo sobunjiniyela esibonakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwamandla, ukuqina kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Lawa mapayipi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besimanje futhi adlula enkambisweni yokukhiqiza ecophelelayo. Kusukela ngensimbi ehlanganisiwe, imichilo iyavuleka bese idlula ochungechungeni lwama-roller awagoba kancane kancane ukuze akhe i-spiral. Amaphethelo abe esehlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​​​okuqinisekisa ukuthi imithungo iyaqhubeka futhi ihlanganiswe kahle kakhulu.

    Ububanzi Bangaphandle Obucacisiwe (D) Ubukhulu Bodonga Obucacisiwe ngo-mm Ingcindezi yokuhlola encane kakhulu （Mpa）
    Ibanga Lensimbi
    in mm L210(A) L245(B) L290(X42) L320(X46) L360(X52) L390(X56) L415(X60) L450(X65) L485(X70) L555(X80)
    8-5/8 219.1 5.0 5.8 6.7 9.9 11.0 12.3 13.4 14.2 15.4 16.6 19.0
    7.0 8.1 9.4 13.9 15.3 17.3 18.7 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.7
    10.0 11.5 13.4 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    9-5/8 244.5 5.0 5.2 6.0 10.1 11.1 12.5 13.6 14.4 15.6 16.9 19.3
    7.0 7.2 8.4 14.1 15.6 17.5 19.0 20.2 20.7 20.7 20.7
    10.0 10.3 12.0 20.2 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    10-3/4 273.1 5.0 4.6 5.4 9.0 10.1 11.2 12.1 12.9 14.0 15.1 17.3
    7.0 6.5 7.5 12.6 13.9 15.7 17.0 18.1 19.6 20.7 20.7
    10.0 9.2 10.8 18.1 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    12-3/4 323.9 5.0 3.9 4.5 7.6 8.4 9.4 10.2 10.9 11.8 12.7 14.6
    7.0 5.5 6.5 10.7 11.8 13.2 14.3 15.2 16.5 17.8 20.4
    10.0 7.8 9.1 15.2 16.8 18.9 20.5 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (325.0) 5.0 3.9 4.5 7.6 8.4 9.4 10.2 10.9 11.8 12.7 14.5
    7.0 5.4 6.3 10.6 11.7 13.2 14.3 15.2 16.5 17.8 20.3
    10.0 7.8 9.0 15.2 16.7 18.8 20.4 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    13-3/8 339.7 5.0 3.7 4.3 7.3 8.0 9.0 9.8 10.4 11.3 12.1 13.9
    8.0 5.9 6.9 11.6 12.8 14.4 15.6 16.6 18.0 19.4 20.7
    12.0 8.9 10.4 17.4 19.2 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    14 355.6 6.0 4.3 5.0 8.3 9.2 10.3 11.2 11.9 12.9 13.9 15.9
    8.0 5.7 6.6 11.1 12.2 13.8 14.9 15.9 17.2 18.6 20.7
    12.0 8.5 9.9 16.6 18.4 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (377.0) 6.0 4.0 4.7 7.8 8.6 9.7 10.6 11.2 12.2 13.1 15.0
    8.0 5.3 6.2 10.5 11.5 13.0 14.1 15.0 16.2 17.5 20.0
    12.0 8.0 9.4 15.7 17.3 19.5 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    16 406.4 6.0 3.7 4.3 7.3 8.0 9.0 9.8 10.4 11.3 12.2 13.9
    8.0 5.0 5.8 9.7 10.7 12.0 13.1 13.9 15.1 16.2 18.6
    12.0 7.4 8.7 14.6 16.1 18.1 19.6 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (426.0) 6.0 3.5 4.1 6.9 7.7 8.6 9.3 9.9 10.8 11.6 13.3
    8.0 4.7 5.5 9.3 10.2 11.5 12.5 13.2 14.4 15.5 17.7
    12.0 7.1 8.3 13.9 15.3 17.2 18.7 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.7
    18 457.0 6.0 3.3 3.9 6.5 7.1 8.0 8.7 9.3 10.0 10.8 12.4
    8.0 4.4 5.1 8.6 9.5 10.7 11.6 12.4 13.4 14.4 16.5
    12.0 6.6 7.7 12.9 14.3 16.1 17.4 18.5 20.1 20.7 20.7
    20 508.0 6.0 3.0 3.5 6.2 6.8 7.7 8.3 8.8 9.6 10.3 11.8
    8.0 4.0 4.6 8.2 9.1 10.2 11.1 11.8 12.8 13.7 15.7
    12.0 6.0 6.9 12.3 13.6 15.3 16.6 17.6 19.1 20.6 20.7
    16.0 7.9 9.3 16.4 18.1 20.4 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (529.0) 6.0 2.9 3.3 5.9 6.5 7.3 8.0 8.5 9.2 9.9 11.3
    9.0 4.3 5.0 8.9 9.8 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.8 14.9 17.0
    12.0 5.7 6.7 11.8 13.1 14.7 15.9 16.9 18.4 19.8 20.7
    14.0 6.7 7.8 13.8 15.2 17.1 18.6 19.8 20.7 20.7 20.7
    16.0 7.6 8.9 15.8 17.4 19.6 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    22 559.0 6.0 2.7 3.2 5.6 6.2 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.7 9.4 10.7
    9.0 4.1 4.7 8.4 9.3 10.4 11.3 12.0 13.0 14.1 16.1
    12.0 5.4 6.3 11.2 12.4 13.9 15.1 16.0 17.4 18.7 20.7
    14.0 6.3 7.4 13.1 14.4 16.2 17.6 18.7 20.3 20.7 20.7
    19.1 8.6 10.0 17.8 19.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    22.2 10.0 11.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    24 610.0 6.0 2.5 2.9 5.1 5.7 6.4 6.9 7.3 8.0 8.6 9.8
    9.0 3.7 4.3 7.7 8.5 9.6 10.4 11.0 12.0 12.9 14.7
    12.0 5.0 5.8 10.3 11.3 12.7 13.8 14.7 15.9 17.2 19.7
    14.0 5.8 6.8 12.0 13.2 14.9 16.1 17.1 18.6 20.0 20.7
    19.1 7.9 9.1 16.3 17.9 20.2 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    25.4 10.5 12.0 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (630.0) 6.0 2.4 2.8 5.0 5.5 6.2 6.7 7.1 7.7 8.3 9.5
    9.0 3.6 4.2 7.5 8.2 9.3 10.0 10.7 11.6 12.5 14.3
    12.0 4.8 5.6 9.9 11.0 12.3 13.4 14.2 15.4 16.6 19.0
    16.0 6.4 7.5 13.3 14.6 16.5 17.8 19.0 20.6 20.7 20.7
    19.1 7.6 8.9 15.8 17.5 19.6 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    25.4 10.2 11.9 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7

    Ukuguquguquka kwezicelo zezimboni:

    1. Imboni Kawoyela Negesi:

    Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe ajikelezayo asetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni kawoyela negesi ngenxa yekhono lawo lokubekezelela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Emapayipini okuthutha, lawa mapayipi athutha uwoyela negesi yemvelo ngempumelelo nangendlela efanele amabanga amade kuyilapho ukumelana kwawo nokugqwala kuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo sesikhathi eside.

    2. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi namanzi angcolile:

    Ngezinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi amdaka, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe ajikelezayo anikeza ikhambi elithembekile. Ukwakhiwa kwawo okuqinile kuwavumela ukuthi aphathe ukugeleza kwamanzi okucindezela okuphezulu ngenkathi egcina imfucuza ngendlela ephumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana kwawo nokugqwala kuqinisekisa isikhathi eside, kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa futhi kunciphisa izingozi zemvelo.

    3. Ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda:

    Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe ajikelezayo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda futhi ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho, ukuhlanganisa izisekelo kanye nemigudu engaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu esakhiwo, ayakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo, umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuwenza abe ngcono ekusekeleni amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda azinzile futhi aphephile.

    Ipayipi Lomugqa Wamanzi Ongaphansi Komhlaba

    Izinzuzo zepayipi elihlanganisiwe eliyindilinga:

    1. Amandla nokuqina:

    Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elijikelezayo linamandla amahle kakhulu futhi lingamelana nengcindezi, ukushaqeka kanye nokudlidliza. Lakhiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ubude bepayipi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ubuqotho besakhiwo.

    2. Ukumelana nokugqwala:

    Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe anokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala ngokusebenzisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe noma ezimboziwe. Lesi sici siwavumela ukuthi amelane nezimo zenhlabathi ezigqwalisayo, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, okwenza abe yisisombululo esifanele sesikhathi eside sezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene.

    3. Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko:

    Ikhono lokukhiqiza ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elijikelezayo ngobuningi obukhulu nangosayizi omkhulu kunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza amapayipi, okwenza kube inketho engabizi kakhulu kumaphrojekthi ezentengiselwano nawezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zayo zokugcinwa okuphansi kanye nokuqina kwayo kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo ngokwezomnotho.

    Ekuphetheni:

    Nakuba ivame ukunganakwa, ipayipi elihlanganisiwe eliyi-spiral lifanelwe ukuqashelwa ngokuguquguquka kwalo okumangalisayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Amandla alo, ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kubenza babe ukukhetha okuthembekile kwamaphrojekthi engqalasizinda, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho besikhathi eside. Ezweni lapho ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kubaluleke kakhulu, lezi zimangaliso zobunjiniyela ziyaqhubeka nokusekela nokuthuthukisa imikhakha ebalulekile njengowoyela negesi, ukuphathwa kwamanzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda.

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