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    Ukucaciswa kwe-API 5L 46th Edition Yobubanzi Bepayipi Lomugqa

    Ukucaciswa kwe-API 5L 46th Edition Yesithombe Esifakiwe Sobubanzi Bepayipi Lomugqa
    • Ukucaciswa kwe-API 5L 46th Edition Yobubanzi Bepayipi Lomugqa

    Incazelo emfushane:

    Kucaciswe ukwenziwa kwamazinga amabili emikhiqizo (i-PSL1 ne-PSL2) yepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo nelishiselwe ukuze kusetshenziswe ipayipi ekuthuthweni kukaphethiloli negesi yemvelo.Ukuze usebenzise izinto ezibonakalayo kuhlelo lokusebenza lwesevisi ye-Sour bheka ku-Annex H futhi uma ufuna isevisi ye-offshore bheka ku-Annex J ye-API5L 45th.


    Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

    Omaka bomkhiqizo

    Isimo Sokulethwa

    I-PSL Isimo Sokulethwa Ibanga lamapayipi
    I-PSL1 Njengoba-igoqiwe, ijwayelekile, i-normalizing kwakheka

    A
    Njengoba igoqiwe, i-normalization rolling, i-thermomechanical rolled, i-thermo-mechanical kwakheka, i-normalization kwakheka, i-normalized, i-normalized kanye ne- tempered noma uma kuvunyelwene nge-Q&T SMLS kuphela

    B
    Njengoba igoqiwe, i-normalization rolling, i-thermomechanical rolled, i-thermo-mechanical kwakheka, i-normalization kwakheka, i-normalized, i-normalized kanye ne- tempered X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
    I-PSL 2 Njengoba-igoqiwe

    BR, X42R
    I-normalizing rolling, normalizing kwakheka, normalized or normalized and tempered BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
    Icishiwe futhi ithukuthele BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
    I-Thermomechanical rolled noma i-thermomechanical kwakheka BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
    I-Thermomechanical igoqwe X90M, X100M, X120M
    Okwanele (R, N, Q noma M) kumamaki e-PSL2, kungokwezinga lensimbi

    Uku-oda Ulwazi

    I-oda lokuthenga lizobandakanya inani, ileveli ye-PSL, uhlobo noma Ibanga, ireferensi ye-API5L, ububanzi obungaphandle, ukushuba kodonga, ubude kanye nanoma yiziphi izijobelelo ezisebenzayo noma izidingo ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, ukwelashwa kokushisa, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukugqoka okuphezulu noma ukuphela kokuphela.

    Inqubo Ejwayelekile Yokukhiqiza

    Uhlobo Lwepayipi

    I-PSL 1

    I-PSL 2
    Ibanga A Ibanga B X42 ukuze X70 B kuya ku-X80 X80 ukuze X100
    I-SMLS

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    I-LFW

    ü

    ü

    ü
    HFW

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LW

    ü
    SAWL

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SAWH

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    I-SMLS - Ingenamthungo, ngaphandle kwe-weld

    I-LFW - Ipayipi elishiselwe imvamisa ephansi, <70 kHz

    I-HFW – Ipayipi elishiselwe imvamisa ephezulu, >70 kHz

    I-SAWL – I-Submerge-arc welding longitudinal eshiselwe

    I-SAWH - i-Submerge-arc welding helical eshiselwe

    Izinto Zokuqala

    Ama-ingot, ama-blooms, amabhilidi, amakhoyili noma amapuleti asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwepayipi azokwenziwa ngalezi zinqubo ezilandelayo, umoya-mpilo oyisisekelo, isithando somlilo sikagesi noma iziko elivulekile kuhlanganiswe nenqubo yokucwenga ileledi.Ku-PSL2, insimbi izobulawa futhi incibilikiswe ngokomkhuba omuhle wokusanhlamvu.Ikhoyili noma ipuleti elisetshenziselwa ipayipi le-PSL2 akufanele liqukathe noma yikuphi ukushisela okukhanda.

    Ukwakheka Kwekhemikhali kwepayipi le-PSL 1 eline-t ≤ 0.984″

    Ibanga Lensimbi

    Ingxenyana enkulu, % ngokusekelwe ekushiseni nasekuhlaziyeni umkhiqizo a,g

    C

    ubuningi b

    Mn

    ubuningi b

    P

    ubuningi

    S

    ubuningi

    V

    ubuningi

    Nb

    ubuningi

    Ti

    ubuningi

    Ipayipi Elingenamthungo

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.28

    1.20

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.28

    1.30

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    Ipayipi elishiselwe

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.26

    1.2

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.26

    1.3

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.26 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.26 e

    1.45 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.26e

    1.65 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f
    1. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni;≤ 0.50%;Cr ≤ 0.50%;kanye ne-Mo ≤ 0.15%
    2. Ngokwehliswa ngakunye okungu-0.01% ngaphansi kobukhulu obushiwo.ukugxiliswa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokwenyuka ngo-0.05% ngaphezu kobukhulu obushiwo.ukugxilisa ingqondo ku-Mn kuvumelekile, kuze kufike ezingeni eliphezulu.ka-1.65% kumabanga ≥ B, kodwa ≤ = X52;kuze kufike ku-max.ka-1.75% kumabanga > X52, kodwa
    3. Ngaphandle kwalapho kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela NB + V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%
    5. Ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela.
    6. Ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    7. Akukho ukwengeza ngamabomu kuka-B okuvunyelwe futhi okusele okungu-B ≤ 0.001%

    Ukwakheka Kwekhemikhali kwepayipi le-PSL 2 eline-t ≤ 0.984″

    Ibanga Lensimbi

    Ingxenyana enkulu, % ngokusekelwe ekushiseni nasekuhlaziyeni umkhiqizo

    I-Carbon Equiv a

    C

    ubuningi b

    Si

    ubuningi

    Mn

    ubuningi b

    P

    ubuningi

    S

    ubuningi

    V

    ubuningi

    Nb

    ubuningi

    Ti

    ubuningi

    Okunye

    CE IIW

    ubuningi

    CE Pcm

    ubuningi

    Ipayipi Elingenamthungo futhi Elishiselwe

    BR

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X42R

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    BN

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X60N

    0.24f

    0.45f

    1.40f

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05f

    0.04f

    g,h,l

    Njengoba kuvunyelwene

    BQ

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X42Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X46Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X52Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X56Q

    0.18

    0.45f

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X60Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X65Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X70Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.80f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    I-X80Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.90f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    ngi,j

    Njengoba kuvunyelwene

    I-X90Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Njengoba kuvunyelwene

    I-X100Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Njengoba kuvunyelwene

    Ipayipi elishiselwe

    BM

    0.22

    0.45

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56M

    0.22

    0.45f

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.85f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    ngi,j

    .043f

    0.25

    X90M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    ngi,j

    -

    0.25

    X100M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    ngi,j

    -

    0.25
    1. I-SMLS t>0.787”, imikhawulo ye-CE izoba njengoba kuvunyelwene ngayo.Imikhawulo ye-CEIIW isetshenziswe ku-fi C > 0.12% kanye nemikhawulo ye-CEPcm iyasebenza uma u-C ≤ 0.12%
    2. Ngokwehliswa ngakunye okungu-0.01% ngaphansi kobukhulu obushiwo.ukugxiliswa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokwenyuka ngo-0.05% ngaphezu kobukhulu obushiwo.ukugxilisa ingqondo ku-Mn kuvumelekile, kuze kufike ezingeni eliphezulu.ka-1.65% kumabanga ≥ B, kodwa ≤ = X52;kuze kufike ku-max.ka-1.75% kumabanga > X52, kodwa
    3. Ngaphandle kwalapho kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela Nb = V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    5. Ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Cu ≤ 0.50%;Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% kanye ne-Mo ≤ 0.15%
    6. Ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela
    7. Ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%
    8. Ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% kanye ne-MO ≤ 0.50%
    9. Ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% kanye ne-MO ≤ 0.50%
    10. B ≤ 0.004%
    11. Ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% kanye ne-MO ≤ 0.80%
    12. Kuwo wonke amabanga amapayipi e-PSL 2 ngaphandle kwalawo mabanga anemibhalo yaphansi j ephawuliwe, okulandelayo kuyasebenza.Ngaphandle kwalapho kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela akukho ukwengeza ngamabomu kuka-B okuvunyelwe kanye nensalela engu-B ≤ 0.001%.

    I-Tensile and Yield – PSL1 nePSL2

    Ibanga lombhobho

    I-Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 1

    Umthungo Wepayipi Elishiselwe

    Isivuno Amandla a

    Rt0, 5I-PSI Min

    Amandla Okuqina a

    Rm PSI Min

    Ukwelula

    (ku-2in Af % min)

    Amandla Okuqina b

    Rm PSI Min

    A

    30,500

    48,600

    c

    48,600

    B

    35,500

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X42

    42,100

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X46

    46,400

    63,100

    c

    63,100

    X52

    52,200

    66,700

    c

    66,700

    X56

    56,600

    71,100

    c

    71,100

    X60

    60,200

    75,400

    c

    75,400

    X65

    65,300

    77,500

    c

    77,500

    X70

    70,300

    82,700

    c

    82,700
    a.Ebangeni eliphakathi nendawo, umehluko phakathi kwamandla e-tensile amancane ashiwo kanye nesivuno esincane esishiwo sendikimba yepayipi kuzoba njengoba kunikezwe ebangeni eliphezulu elilandelayo.

    b.Emabangeni amaphakathi, ubuncane bamandla obuncane obuqinile bomthungo wokushisela buzofana nokunqunywa komzimba kusetshenziswa inothi lonyawo a.

    c.Ubude obuncane obushiwo, Af, kuvezwe ngamaphesenti futhi kwafinyezwa kumaphesenti aseduze, kuzonqunywa kusetshenziswa isibalo esilandelayo:

    Lapho u-C engu-1 940 ekubaleni kusetshenziswa amayunithi we-Si kanye no-625 000 wokubala kusetshenziswa amayunithi e-USC

    Axcyiyona esebenzayo indawo yokuhlola i-tensile test cross-sectional area, evezwe ngamamilimitha ayizikwele (amayintshi ayisikwele), kanjena

    - Okwezingcezu zokuhlolwa kwesigaba esiphambanayo esiyindilinga, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) izingcezu zokuhlola ezinobubanzi obungu-12.7 mm (0.500 in) no-8.9 mm (.350 in);futhi 65mm2(0.10 in2) ngezingcezu zokuhlola ezinobubanzi obungu-6.4 mm (0.250in).

    - Izingcezu zokuhlola ezigcwele, okuncane okungu-a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) kanye b) nendawo ephambanayo yesiqephu sokuhlola, esithathwe kusetshenziswa ububanzi obushiwo bangaphandle kanye nogqinsi olucacisiwe lwepayipi, elizungezwe libe ngu-10 mm oseduze.2(0.10in2)

    - Izingcezu zokuhlola ze-strip, okungaphansi kuka-a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) kanye b) nendawo ephambanayo yesiqephu sokuhlola, esithathwe kusetshenziswa ububanzi obushiwo besiqephu sokuhlola kanye nogqinsi olucacisiwe lwepayipi, elizungezwe ku-10 mm eliseduze.2(0.10in2)

    U-U amandla okubamba amancane ashiwo, avezwa ngama-megapascals (amaphawundi ngeyintshi yesikwele)

    Ibanga lombhobho

    I-Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 2

    Umthungo Wepayipi Elishiselwe

    Isivuno Amandla a

    Rt0, 5I-PSI Min

    Amandla Okuqina a

    Rm PSI Min

    Isilinganiso a,c

    R10,5IRm

    Ukwelula

    (ku-2in)

    Af %

    Amandla Okuqina d

    Rm(psi)

    Ubuncane

    Ubuningi

    Ubuncane

    Ubuningi

    Ubuningi

    Ubuncane

    Ubuncane
    BR, BN,BQ,BM

    35,500

    65,300

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M

    42,100

    71,800

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X46N,X46Q,X46M

    46,400

    76,100

    63,100

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    63,100
    X52N,X52Q,X52M

    52,200

    76,900

    66,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    66,700
    X56N,X56Q,X56M

    56,600

    79,000

    71,100

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    71,100
    X60N,X60Q,S60M

    60,200

    81,900

    75,400

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    75,400
    X65Q,X65M

    65,300

    87,000

    77,600

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    76,600
    X70Q,X65M

    70,300

    92,100

    82,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    82,700
    X80Q,X80M

    80,500

    102,300

    90,600

    119,700

    0.93

    f

    90,600
    a.Ukuthola ibanga eliphakathi nendawo, bheka ukucaciswa okugcwele kwe-API5L.

    b.ukuze uthole amabanga > X90 bhekisela ekucacisweni okugcwele kwe-API5L.

    c.Lo mkhawulo usebenza kophaya abano-D> 12.750 in

    d.Emabangeni aphakathi nendawo, ubuncane bamandla obuncane obuqinile bomthungo wokushisela azoba yinani elifanayo nalelo elalinqunywe kumzimba wepayipi kusetshenziswa unyawo a.

    e.ngepayipi elidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-longitudinal, amandla aphezulu okukhiqiza azoba ≤ 71,800 psi

    f.Ubude obuncane obushiwo, Af, kuvezwe ngamaphesenti futhi kwafinyezwa kumaphesenti aseduze, kuzonqunywa kusetshenziswa isibalo esilandelayo:

    Lapho u-C engu-1 940 ekubaleni kusetshenziswa amayunithi we-Si kanye no-625 000 wokubala kusetshenziswa amayunithi e-USC

    Axcyiyona esebenzayo indawo yokuhlola i-tensile test cross-sectional area, evezwe ngamamilimitha ayizikwele (amayintshi ayisikwele), kanjena

    - Okwezingcezu zokuhlolwa kwesigaba esiphambanayo esiyindilinga, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) izingcezu zokuhlola ezinobubanzi obungu-12.7 mm (0.500 in) no-8.9 mm (.350 in);futhi 65mm2(0.10 in2) ngezingcezu zokuhlola ezinobubanzi obungu-6.4 mm (0.250in).

    - Izingcezu zokuhlola ezigcwele, okuncane okungu-a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) kanye b) nendawo ephambanayo yesiqephu sokuhlola, esithathwe kusetshenziswa ububanzi obushiwo bangaphandle kanye nogqinsi olucacisiwe lwepayipi, elizungezwe libe ngu-10 mm oseduze.2(0.10in2)

    - Izingcezu zokuhlola ze-strip, okungaphansi kuka-a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) kanye b) nendawo ephambanayo yesiqephu sokuhlola, esithathwe kusetshenziswa ububanzi obushiwo besiqephu sokuhlola kanye nogqinsi olucacisiwe lwepayipi, elizungezwe ku-10 mm eliseduze.2(0.10in2)

    U-U amandla okubamba amancane ashiwo, avezwa ngama-megapascals (amaphawundi ngeyintshi yesikwele

    g.Amanani aphansi ka-R10,5IRm kungashiwo ngesivumelwano

    h.ukuze uthole amabanga > x90 bhekisela ekucacisweni okugcwele kwe-API5L.

    Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic

    Ipayipi ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic ngaphandle kokuvuza ngomthungo we-weld noma umzimba wepayipi.Amajoyinti akudingeki ahlolwe i-hydrostatic inqobo nje uma izigaba zamapayipi ezisetshenzisiwe zihlolwe ngempumelelo.

    Bend Test

    Akukho mifantu eyokwenzeka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesiqeshana sokuhlola futhi ngeke kuvuleke i-weld.

    Ukuhlola Ukucaba

    Imibandela yokwamukela ukuhlolwa kokucaba izoba
    a)amapayipi e-EW D<12.750 in
    -≥ X60 ene-T≥0.500in, ngeke kube khona ukuvulwa kwe-weld ngaphambi kokuba ibanga eliphakathi kwamapuleti libe ngaphansi kuka-66% wobubanzi bangaphandle bokuqala.Kuwo wonke amabanga nodonga, 50%.
    -Ngepayipi eline-D/t> 10, ngeke kube nokuvuleka kwe-weld ngaphambi kokuba ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti libe ngaphansi kuka-30% we-diameter yangaphandle yasekuqaleni.
    b)Ukuze uthole abanye osayizi bheka incazelo egcwele ye-API5L

    Ukuhlolwa komthelela we-CVN kwe-PSL2

    Osayizi abaningi bamapayipi e-PSL2 namabanga adinga i-CVN.Ipayipi elingenamthungo kufanele lihlolwe emzimbeni.Ipayipi elishiselwe kufanele lihlolwe ku-Body, Pipe Weld kanye nendawo ethinteke ekushiseni (HAZ).Bheka ukucaciswa okugcwele kwe-API5L kweshadi losayizi namabanga kanye namavelu wamandla amuncwa adingekayo.

    Ukubekezelela Ngaphandle Kobubanzi, Ngaphandle kokuyindilinga nokuqina kodonga

    Kucaciswe Ngaphandle Ububanzi D (ku)

    Ukubekezelela Ububanzi, amayintshi d

    Ukubekezelelana Okungaphandle Kwe-Roundness ku

    Ipayipi ngaphandle kokuphela a

    Isiphetho sepayipi a,b,c

    Ipayipi ngaphandle kokuphela a

    Ipayipi End a,b,c

    Ipayipi le-SMLS

    Ipayipi elishiselwe

    Ipayipi le-SMLS

    Ipayipi elishiselwe

    < 2.375

    -0.031 ukuze + 0.016

    - 0.031 ukuze + 0.016

    0.048

    0.036

    ≥2.375 kuya ku-6.625

    +/- 0.0075D

    		 - 0.016 ukuze + 0.063

    0.020D ye

    Ngesivumelwano se

    0.015D ye

    Ngesivumelwano se

    > 6.625 ukuze 24.000

    +/- 0.0075D

    +/- 0.0075D, kodwa ubuningi obungu-0.125

    +/- 0.005D, kodwa ubuningi obungu-0.063

    0.020D

    0.015D

    > 24 kuya ku-56

    +/- 0.01D

    +/- 0.005D kodwa ubuningi be-0.160

    +/- 0.079

    +/- 0.063

    0.015D kodwa ubuningi obungu-0.060

    Ngoba

    Ngesivumelwano

    okwe

    0.01D kodwa ubuningi obungu-0.500

    Ngoba

    Ngesivumelwano

    okwe
    >56 Njengoba kuvunyelwene
    1. Ukuphela kwepayipi kuhlanganisa ubude obungu-4 ekudleni ngakunye komkhawulo wepayipi
    2. Epayipini le-SMLS ukubekezelela kuyasebenza ku-t≤0.984in futhi ukubekezelelwa kwepayipi eliwugqinsi kuzoba njengoba kuvunyelwene.
    3. Epayipini elinwetshiwe eline-D≥8.625in kanye nepayipi elinganwetshiwe, ukubekezelela ububanzi kanye nokubekezelela ngaphandle kwendingilizi kungase kunqunywe kusetshenziswa i-diameter yangaphakathi ebaliwe noma kukalwe i-diameter yangaphakathi kune-OD eshiwo.
    4. Ukunquma ukuthobelana nokubekezelelana kobubanzi, ububanzi bepayipi buchazwa njengesiyingi sepayipi kunoma iyiphi indiza eyisiyingi ehlukaniswa nge-Pi.

    Ukujiya kodonga

    t amayintshi

    Ukubekezelelana a

    amayintshi

    Ipayipi le-SMLS b

    ≤ 0.157

    + 0.024 / – 0.020

    > 0.157 kuya ku-<0.948

    + 0.150t / – 0.125t

    ≥ 0.984

    + 0.146 noma + 0.1t, noma yikuphi okukhulu kunakho

    - 0.120 noma – 0.1t, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi enkulu

    Ipayipi elishiselwe c,d

    ≤ 0.197

    +/- 0.020
    > 0.197 ukuze <0.591

    +/- 0.1t

    ≥ 0.591

    +/- 0.060
    1. Uma i-oda lokuthenga licacisa ukubekezelela kokususa ukujiya kodonga okuncane kunenani elisebenzayo elinikezwe kuleli thebula, ukubekezelela okungeziwe kogqinsi lwezindonga kuzokwenyuswa ngenani elanele ukuze kugcinwe ububanzi obusebenzayo bokubekezelelana.
    2. Epayipini eline-D≥ 14.000 in kanye no-t≥0.984in, ukubekezelela ukujiya kodonga endaweni kungase kudlule ukubekezelela ukushuba kodonga ngo-0.05t eyengeziwe inqobo nje uma ukubekezelela okungeziwe kwesisindo kungeqiwe.
    3. Ukubekezelela okungeziwe kokuqina kodonga akusebenzi endaweni yokushisela
    4. Bona imininingwane egcwele ye-API5L ukuze uthole imininingwane egcwele
  • Okwedlule:
  • Olandelayo:
    • Bhala umyalezo wakho lapha futhi usithumelele wona

    Izigaba zemikhiqizo