Kuvunguza amapayipi e-carbon e-carbon ngamapayipi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba
Amanethiwekhi wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda yedolobha noma yedolobha. Inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile futhi aphephile emakhaya, amabhizinisi kanye nezinye izikhungo. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezithembekile zokufaka amapayipi, ukufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile kuzokwehliselwa kakhulu, okuholela ezingcupheni zezempilo kanye nokuphazamiseka empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswa kula mapayipi zisezingeni eliphakeme futhi zikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhambisa amanzi aphansi komhlaba.
| Ububanzi obuchaziwe (D) | Ubukhulu obucacisiwe odongeni ku-mm | Ingcindezi yokuhlola okuncane (MPA) | ||||||||||
| Ibanga lensimbi | ||||||||||||
| in | mm | I-L210 (a) | L245 (b) | L290 (x42) | L320 (x46) | I-L360 (x52) | L390 (x56) | L415 (x60) | L450 (x65) | L485 (x70) | I-L555 (x80) | |
| 8-5 / 8 | 219.1 | I-5 | I-5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
| 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 9-5 / 8 | 244.5 | I-5 | 5.2 | I- | I-10.1 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
| 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10-3 / 4 | 273.1 | I-5 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | I-10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
| 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 12-3 / 4 | 323.9 | I-5 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
| 7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (325.0) | I-5 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 | |
| 7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| I-13-3 / 8 | 339.7 | I-5 | I-3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
| 8.0 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14 | 355.6 | I- | 4.3 | I-5 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
| 8.0 | I-5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (377.0) | I- | I-4 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
| 8.0 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16 | 406.4 | I- | I-3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
| 8.0 | I-5 | I-5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | I-16.1 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (426.0) | I- | I-3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
| 8.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 18 | 457.0 | I- | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
| 8.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.3 | I-16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 20 | 508.0 | I- | I-3.0 | I-3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 |
| 8.0 | I-4 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
| 12.0 | I- | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 16.4 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (529.0) | I- | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
| 9.0 | 4.3 | I-5 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
| 12.0 | I-5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22 | 559.0 | I- | I-2.7 | 3.2 | I- | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
| 9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | I-16.1 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 24 | I-610.0 | I- | 2,5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | I-5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.8 |
| 9.0 | I-3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
| 12.0 | I-5 | I-5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
| 14.0 | I-5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | I-16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (630.0) | I- | 2.4 | 2.8 | I-5 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.5 | |
| 9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.3 | ||
| 12.0 | 4.8 | I- | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
| 16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
Kuvunguza i-welded carbon ipayipi, njenge-S235 JR futhiI-X70 SSAW Line Pipe, kuyindlela ethandwayo yamapayipi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngenxa yokungathwali kwayo okuhle nokuqina kokugqwala. Amapayipi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-welding spiral, eqinisekisa ukuqina nokwakheka okukwazi ukubekezelela izingcindezi nezinto zezemvelo ezihambisana nezokuthutha zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngokwengeziwe, la mapayipi akhiwa ngensimbi esezingeni eliphakeme yekhabhoni ngamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, abenze ukuba kube ukukhetha okuthembekile kwezinhlelo zesikhathi eside zokusabalalisa kwamanzi.
Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisaKuvunguza amapayipi e-carbon yensimbiUkuze izinto zokuhamba zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba zingukumelana kwayo okuphezulu. Amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba ahlala evulelwa umswakama kanye nezinye izinto zemvelo, ezingadala izinto zendabuko njengekhonkolo noma i-PVC ukukhumula futhi ziwohloka. Kodwa-ke, amapayipi e-Carbon yensimbi amelana kakhulu nokugqwala, aqinisekise ukuthi agcina ubuqotho babo obuhle kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kumelana nokukhulisa kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokulungiswa kanye nokubuyiselwa esikhundleni, ekugcineni kusindisa izindleko zohlelo lwamanzi.
Ngokwengeziwe, amandla nokuqina kwe-Weldi Spirated Carbon Insimbi Pipe kwenze kube kuhle ekufakweni ngaphansi komhlaba. Lawa mapayipi ayakwazi ukubekezelela ingcindezi yangaphandle evela enhlabathini nakwezinye izinto ezingaphansi komhlaba, aqinisekise ukuthi zihlala ziqinile futhi zisebenza kuyo yonke impilo yazo inkonzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwayo kwezangaphakathi kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi kunciphisa ubungozi bamabhulokhi noma ukuvuza, kukhuphula okunye ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ngokufigqiwe,Amapayipi amanzi angaphansi komhlabayingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yanamuhla, futhi ukukhetha izinto ezisetshenziswe kula mapayipi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwazo nasekude. Kuvunguza i-welded carbon ipayipi, njenge-S235 JR ne-X70 SSAW Line Pipe, kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi zokuhamba kwamanzi komhlaba, kufaka phakathi ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala namandla aphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa la mapayipi asezingeni eliphakeme, amasistimu wamanzi angaqinisekisa ukulethwa okuthembekile, okusebenzayo kwamanzi emiphakathini ngenkathi kunciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa kanye nokubuyiselwa.
