Yethula:
Ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda nezimboni,amapayipi amakhulu ashiselweidlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla, ukuqina kanye nokuguquguquka.Lamapayipi abalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha zikawoyela negesi, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nemiklamo yokwakha.Amapayipi ashiselwe anobubanzi obukhulu abe neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukeni komphakathi emhlabeni jikelele ngezici zawo ezinhle kakhulu nokusebenza okuthembekile.
1. Ukuvela kwamapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe:
Ipayipi elishiselwe ngobubanzi obukhulu selihambe ibanga elide ezintweni zokwakha, ukuklama kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza eminyakeni edlule.Ekuqaleni, amapayipi endabuko ayenziwe ngokhuni, ubumba noma insimbi ensimbi ayesetshenziswa.Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, insimbi yaba yinto ekahle yamapayipi amakhulu obubanzi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphakeme nokumelana nokugqwala.Namuhla, amapayipi ashiselwe enziwe ngensimbi anobubanzi obukhulu abusa emakethe, aqinisekisa izixazululo ezihlala isikhathi eside zengqalasizinda.
2. Amandla angenakuqhathaniswa nokuqina:
Ububanzi obukhuluipayipi elishiselweyaziwa ngamandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokuqina.Lawa mapayipi akhiqizwa ngensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu ukumelana nokucindezela kwangaphandle nokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.Amajoyinti ashiselwe athuthukisa ubuqotho besakhiwo sepayipi, elivumela ukuthi limelane nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezifana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, imithwalo esindayo, nezici zemvelo.Ngakho-ke, amapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ububanzi ahlinzeka ngamapayipi anokwethenjelwa futhi aphephile okuthutha uketshezi, amagesi kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ebangeni elide.
3. Ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni:
Amapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ububanzi asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezimboni ehlukene.Embonini kawoyela negesi, la mapayipi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uwoyela ongahluziwe, igesi yemvelo, kanye nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli ocolisisiwe.Ngokufanayo, ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kwamanzi, amapayipi ashiselwe anobubanzi obukhulu asetshenziselwa ukuletha amanzi okuphuza ngokuphumelelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.Ukwengeza, la mapayipi abalulekile emisebenzini eminingi yokwakha, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, amabhuloho, namahubhu angaphansi komhlaba, anikeza amandla nokuzinza esakhiweni.
4. Izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo:
Amapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ngobubanzi aletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho embonini nasemphakathini.Ngenxa yempilo yabo ende yokusebenza kanye nezidingo eziphansi zokunakekelwa, lawa mapayipi aqinisekisa ukonga izindleko zesikhathi eside.Amapayipi ashiselwe ngobubanzi obukhulu nawo aneqhaza ekusimameni kwemvelo ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi, ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa komhlabathi, nokwenza ezinye izinto zokuhamba ezingayingeni imvelo.
5. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi kanye Namazinga Omhlaba:
Ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ububanzi kulandela izindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi nemithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokuphepha komkhiqizo.Abakhiqizi basebenzisa amasu okuhlola athuthukile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, i-radiography nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-hydrostatic, ukuhlola ubuqotho bepayipi nokuqina.Ithobelana namazinga ahlukahlukene wamazwe ngamazwe njenge-American Petroleum Institute (API) kanye ne-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), iqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwamapayipi ashiselwe anobubanzi obukhulu.
Ekuphetheni:
Ipayipi elishiselwe ububanzi elikhulu liguqule umkhakha wengqalasizinda, lihlinzeka ngamandla angenakuqhathaniswa, ukuqina kanye nokuvumelana nezimo.Kusukela ekuthutheni amandla abalulekile kuya ekwenzeni izinhlelo zokusabalalisa amanzi zibe lula, la mapayipi abalulekile ezimbonini eziningi.Ngekhwalithi yayo ephakeme nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, amapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ububanzi ahlinzeka ngesisekelo esithembekile sentuthuko esimeme nokukhula komnotho, okuqinisekisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lemiphakathi emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-24-2023