Amapayipi Esakhiwo Esinezingxenye Ezingenalutho Emigqeni Yegesi Yemvelo Engaphansi Komhlaba

Amapayipi Esakhiwo Anezingxenye Ezingenalutho Emigqa Yegesi Yemvelo Engaphansi Komhlaba Isithombe Esifakiwe

Incazelo emfushane:

Uma kwakhiwa amapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba, ukukhetha izinto kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwengqalasizinda. Amapayipi esakhiwo anezingxenye ezingenalutho, ikakhulukazi amapayipi e-arc angaphansi komhlaba, aya ngokuya ethandwa ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu, ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola ukubaluleka kwezindawo ezingenalutho-amapayipi esakhiwo ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezinikezayo.

Sithumelele i-imeyili

Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Amathegi Omkhiqizo

I-arc engaphansi kwamanzi ejikelezayoipayipiszisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemigqa yegesi yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba ngenxa yenqubo yazo yokukhiqiza eyingqayizivele. Amapayipi akhiwa ngokwenza amakhoyili ensimbi egoqwe ngokushisa abe yisimo esijikelezayo bese ewahlanganisa kusetshenziswa inqubo yokuhlanganisa i-arc engaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kukhiqiza amapayipi e-arc angaphansi komhlaba aqinile kakhulu anobukhulu obufanayo kanye nokunemba okuhle kakhulu, okwenza afaneleke kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwegesi yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba.

Ithebula 2 Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko Zomzimba Nezamakhemikhali Zamapayipi Ensimbi (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 kanye ne-API Spec 5L)
Okujwayelekile	Ibanga Lensimbi	Izakhi Zamakhemikhali (%)						Impahla Eqinile						Ukuhlolwa Komthelela we-Charpy (V notch)
		c	Mn	p	s	Si	Okunye	Amandla Okukhiqiza (i-Mpa)		Amandla Okuqina (i-Mpa)		（L0=5.65 √ S0）Isilinganiso Sokwelula esincane （%）
		ubuningi	ubuningi	ubuningi	ubuningi	ubuningi	Okunye	umzuzu	ubuningi	umzuzu	ubuningi	U-D ≤ 168.33mm	U-D ＞ 168.3mm
GB/T3091 -2008	Q215A	≤ 0.15	0.25 ＜ 1.20	0.045	0.050	0.35	Ukungeza i-Nb\V\Ti ngokuhambisana ne-GB/T1591-94	215		335		15	> 31
	Q215B	≤ 0.15	0.25-0.55	0.045	0.045	0.035		215		335		15	> 31
	Q235A	≤ 0.22	0.30 ＜ 0.65	0.045	0.050	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q235B	≤ 0.20	0.30 ≤ 1.80	0.045	0.045	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q295A	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.045	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q295B	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.040	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q345A	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.045	0.55		345		510		13	>21
	Q345B	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.040	0.55		345		510		13	>21
GB/T9711-2011（PSL1）	L175	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		Ukwengeza okukodwa kwezinto ze-Nb\V\Ti noma noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yazo ngokuzithandela	175		310		27		Kungakhethwa eyodwa noma ezimbili zenkomba yokuqina kwamandla omthelela kanye nendawo yokugunda. Ku-L555, bheka indinganiso.
	L210	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			210		335		25
	L245	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			245		415		21
	L290	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		415		21
	L320	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			320		435		20
	L360	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			360		460		19
	L390	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			390		390		18
	L415	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			415		520		17
	L450	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			450		535		17
	L485	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			485		570		16
I-API 5L (PSL 1)	A25	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		Ngensimbi yebanga B, i-Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; ngensimbi ≥ ibanga B, ukwengeza i-Nb noma i-V noma inhlanganisela yazo ngokuzithandela, kanye ne-Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15%	172		310		（L0=50.8mm）ukubalwa ngokwefomula elandelayo:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Indawo yesampula ku-mm2 U: Amandla amancane okudonsa acacisiwe ku-Mpa		Akukho noma yikuphi noma kokubili amandla okushaya kanye nendawo yokugunda okudingekayo njengenqubo yokuqina.
	A	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			207		331
	B	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			241		414
	X42	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		414
	I-X46	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			317		434
	X52	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			359		455
	I-X56	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			386		490
	I-X60	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			414		517
	I-X65	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			448		531
	X70	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			483		565

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamapayipi esakhiwo anezingxenye ezingenalutho ukumelana kwawo nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Uma egqitshwe ngaphansi komhlaba, amapayipi egesi yemvelo avuleka emswakama, amakhemikhali enhlabathi kanye nezinye izinto ezigqwalisayo. Amapayipi e-arc angaphansi komhlaba ahlanganiswe ngokugoba aklanyelwe ngqo ukumelana nalezi zimo ezinzima ngaphansi komhlaba, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amapayipi egesi yemvelo ahlala isikhathi eside futhi athembekile.

Ngaphezu kokumelana nokugqwala,amapayipi esakhiwo anengxenye engenaluthozinikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina, okwenza zifaneleke ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Umklamo ojikelezayo wala mapayipi unikeza amandla amahle kakhulu okuthwala umthwalo, okuwavumela ukuthi amelane nesisindo somhlabathi kanye namanye amandla angaphandle ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho besakhiwo sawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezine-geology eyinselele, lapho amapayipi kumele akwazi ukumelana nokuhamba komhlaba kanye nokuhlala khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi esakhiwo esinezingxenye ezingenalutho ayaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Afika ngobukhulu nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene futhi angenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zamaphrojekthi epayipi legesi yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokufakwa okwengeziwe kanye nokushisela, okuholela ekufakweni okusheshayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ukukhanya kwala mapayipi kwenza nokuthuthwa kanye nokuphathwa kube ngcono, okunezela kakhulu ekongeni izindleko.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kweimigqa yegesi yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba, ukukhethwa kwezinto kubalulekile. Amapayipi esakhiwo anezingxenye ezingenalutho, ikakhulukazi amapayipi e-arc angaphansi komhlaba ajikelezayo, ahlanganisa amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, okwenza abe afanelekela ukudluliselwa kwegesi yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba. Ngokutshala imali kumapayipi ekhwalithi ephezulu aklanyelwe ngqo izikhungo ezingaphansi komhlaba, izinkampani zegesi zingaqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuphila isikhathi eside kwengqalasizinda yazo ngenkathi zinciphisa izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa esikhathini eside.

Ngamafuphi, amapayipi esakhiwo angenazo izimbobo adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemigqa yegesi yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kwenza kube ukukhetha kokuqala kwamaphrojekthi okuthutha igesi yemvelo. Ngokukhetha izinto ezifanele zezikhungo ezingaphansi komhlaba, izinkampani zegesi yemvelo zingagcina ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwengqalasizinda yazo, ekugcineni zisize ekuletheni igesi yemvelo ngempumelelo kubathengi.