Amapayipi we-Hollow-Pipes ahlukaniswayo wemigqa yegesi yangaphansi komhlaba

Amapayipi we-Holloul-Pipe ahlukaniswayo wemigqa yemvelo yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba efakiwe isithombe

Incazelo emfushane:

Lapho kwakha amapayipi emvelo wemvelo wemvelo, ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwengqalasizinda. Amashubhu we-aze aze, ikakhulukazi amashubhu aphakathi e-arc angenisiwe e-arc, aya ngokuya ethandwa ngenxa yamandla awo aphakeme, ukuqina kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola ukubaluleka kokuzenzakalelayo-Ingxenye yamapayipi ezakhiwo ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi egesi emvelo nasezinhlekeleleni ezisemqoka abanikela.

Thumela i-imeyili kithi

Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Amathegi Omkhiqizo

Kuvunguza i-arc engaphakathiipayipiszisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemigqa yegesi yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba ngenxa yenqubo yazo eyingqayizivele yokukhiqiza. Amapayipi akhiwa ngokwakha amakhoyili ensimbi evuthayo ibe ngesimo sezulu bese uyifaka esebenzisa inqubo yokufudumala ye-arc engaphakathi. Lokhu kukhiqiza amapayipi e-arc anamandla aphakathi nendawo anobukhulu obulinganayo kanye nokunemba okunobukhulu obuhle, okwenza balungele ukuthuthwa kwegesi yemvelo ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ithebula 2 Izakhiwo eziphambili zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zamapayipi ensimbi (GB / T3091-2008, GB / T9711-2011 ne-API Spec 5l)
-Vamile	Ibanga lensimbi	Amakhemikhali (%)						Impahla ethambile						I-charpy (v notch) umthelela wokuhlolwa
		c	Mn	p	s	Si	-Nye nje	Amandla Okuthela (MPA)		Amandla we-Tensile (MPA)		(L0 = 5.65 √ s0) min stture rate (%)
		umnciphikazi	umnciphikazi	umnciphikazi	umnciphikazi	umnciphikazi	-Nye nje	uku	umnciphikazi	uku	umnciphikazi	D ≤ 168.33mm	D> 168.3mm
I-GB / T3091 -2008	Q215a	≤ 0.15	0.25 <1.20	0.045	0.050	0.35	Ukungeza NB \ V \ TI ngokuhambisana ne-GB / T1591-94	215		335		15	> 31 31
	Q215B	≤ 0.15	0.25-0.55	0.045	0.045	0.035		215		335		15	> 31 31
	Q235A	≤ 0.22	0.30 <0.65	0.045	0.050	0.035		235		375		15	> 26
	Q235B	≤ 0.20	0.30 ≤ 1.80	0.045	0.045	0.035		235		375		15	> 26
	Q295a	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.045	0.55		295		I-390		13	> 23
	Q295B	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.040	0.55		295		I-390		13	> 23
	Q345a	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.045	0.55		345		510		13	> 21
	Q345B	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.040	0.55		345		510		13	> 21
I-GB / T971112011 (PSL1)	I-L175	0.21	I-0.60	0.030	0.030		Ukungeza okukodwa okukodwa kwe-NB \ V \ TI Elements noma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kwawo	175		I-310		27		Inkomba eyodwa noma ezimbili ze-Gloutyness Index of Ithonya Lamandla Nendawo Yokugunda Iyakhethwa. Ku-L555, bheka Izinga.
	L210	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			210		335		25
	L245	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			245		415		21
	I-L290	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			I-290		415		21
	L320	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			320		435		20
	I-L360	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			I-360		460		19
	L390	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			I-390		I-390		18
	L415	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			415		520		17
	L450	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			I-450		535		17
	L485	0.26	I-1.65	0.030	0.030			485		I-570		16
I-API 5L (PSL 1)	A25	0.21	I-0.60	0.030	0.030		Ngebanga lensimbi, nb + v ≤ 0.03%; ngensimbi ≥.03%;	172		I-310		(L0 = 50.8mm) ukubalwa ngokuya ngefomula elandelayo: E = 1944 · A0 .2 A0.0 A0 A0 .0 A: Indawo yesampula ku-MM2 U.		Akekho noma noma yimibili noma yomibili umthelela wendawo nendawo yokugunda edingekayo njengezikhombisi zobunzima.
	A	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			207		331
	B	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			241		414
	X42	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			I-290		414
	I-X46	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			I-317		434
	X52	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			359		455
	I-X56	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			I-386		490
	X60	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			414		517
	I-X65	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			448		531
	I-X70	0.26	I-1.65	0.030	0.030			483		I-565

Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zamapayipi ahlukene we-ALbol-Pipe ahlukaniswayo awo ukugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Lapho engcwatshwe ngaphansi komhlaba, amapayipi wegesi wemvelo avezwa umswakama, amakhemikhali enhlabathi nezinye izinto ezilonakalisayo. Kuvunguza amapayipi e-arc aphakathi nendawo aklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukubekezelela lezi zimo ezinzima ezingaphansi komhlaba, eqinisekisa ubude obude komhlaba, ukuthembeka kwamapayipi wegesi wemvelo.

Ngaphezu kokumelana nokugqwala,Amapayipi angenazibaloNikeza amandla aphezulu nokuqina, okwenza balungele ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukuklanywa okuwukuvunguza kwalawa mapayipi kuhlinzeka umthamo omuhle kakhulu womthwalo, okubavumela ukubamelana nesisindo senhlabathi namanye amabutho angaphandle ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ubuqotho babo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezine-geology eziyinselele, lapho amapayipi kufanele akwazi ukumelana nokunyakaza komhlaba nokuhlala.

Ngokwengeziwe, amapayipi angenalutho atholakalayo ayaziwa ngokusebenza kwawo kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko. Bafika ngosayizi ohlukahlukene nobukhulu futhi bangenziwa ngokwezifiso ukufeza izidingo ezithile zamaphrojekthi angaphansi komhlaba we-gesi wemvelo. Lokhu kunciphise isidingo sokufakwa okwengeziwe kanye nokushiswa, okuholela ekufakweni okusheshayo nezindleko eziphansi eziphansi. Uhlobo olungasindi lwalawa mapayipi luphinde lwenze izinto zokuhamba nokuphatha kahle kakhulu, kunikela ngokwengeziwe ekukhipheni izindleko.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kweimigqa yemvelo yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba, Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubalulekile. Amapayipi e-ALL-NOLLBAL PIPS, ikakhulukazi amapayipi e-arc angenisiwe e-ARC, ahlanganisa amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko, okwenza kube yinto efanelekile yokudluliselwa kwegesi emvelo. Ngokutshala imali kumapayipi asezingeni eliphakeme aklanyelwe izikhungo ezingaphansi komhlaba, izinkampani zegesi zingaqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuphila isikhathi eside kwengqalasizinda yazo ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokulungisa isikhathi eside.

Ngamafuphi, amapayipi akhona wesigaba esingenasisekelo adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemigqa yegesi yemvelo engaphansi komhlaba. Ukumelana kwalo okuphakeme kakhulu, amandla aphakeme kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko kwenza kube ukukhetha kokuqala kwamaphrojekthi wokuhamba kagesi wemvelo. Ngokukhetha izinto ezifanele zezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, izinkampani zegesi zemvelo zingagcina ukuphepha nokwethenjwa kwengqalasizinda yazo, kusiza ekugcineni ukuletha igesi yemvelo kahle kubathengi.