Ukuqonda Izinzuzo Zepayipi Lensimbi Ejikelezayo le-ASTM A139 Lamapayipi Egesi Yemvelo Angaphansi Komhlaba

Yethula:

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthuthwa kwegesi yemvelo, ukubaluleka kwamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba akunakuphikiswa. Lawa mapayipi aqinisekisa ukulethwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kwalawa mandla abalulekile emakhaya, emabhizinisini nasezimbonini. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lawa mapayipi ahlala isikhathi eside, athembekile futhi aqinile, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kubalulekile. Phakathi kwezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo,I-ASTM A139Ipayipi lensimbi elijikelezayo livelele njengokukhetha okukhethekile. Kule bhulogi, sizogxila ezicini nasezinzuzweni ezenza i-ASTM A139 ibe yinto ekhethwayo yamapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba.

Impahla Yomshini

Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi

Ubude bepayipi ngalinye kufanele buhlolwe ngumenzi ngengcindezi ye-hydrostatic ezokhiqiza odongeni lwepayipi ukucindezeleka okungaphansi kuka-60% wamandla amancane okukhiqiza ashiwo ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ukucindezela kuzonqunywa yi-equation elandelayo:
P=2St/D

Izinguquko Ezivumelekile Ezisindweni Nasezilinganisweni

Ubude bepayipi ngalinye kufanele bulinganiswe ngokwehlukana futhi isisindo salo akumele sihluke ngaphezu kuka-10% noma u-5.5% ngaphansi kwesisindo salo esicatshangelwayo, esibalwa kusetshenziswa ubude balo kanye nesisindo salo ngobude beyunithi ngayinye.
Ububanzi bangaphandle akumele buhluke ngaphezu kuka-±1% kobubanzi obujwayelekile bangaphandle obubekiwe.
Ubukhulu bodonga nganoma yisiphi isikhathi akumele bube ngaphezu kuka-12.5% ​​ngaphansi kobukhulu bodonga obubekiwe.

Ubude

Ubude obungahleliwe obubodwa: 16 kuya ku-25ft (4.88 kuya ku-7.62m)
Ubude obuphindwe kabili obungahleliwe: ngaphezu kwamafidi angu-25 kuya ku-35 (7.62 kuya ku-10.67m)
Ubude obufanayo: ukuhlukahluka okuvunyelwe ±1in

Ukuphela

Izinqwaba zamapayipi kumele zifakwe iziphetho ezingenalutho, bese kuthi izimbobo ezisemaphethelweni zisuswe.
Uma ukuphela kwepayipi okuchazwe ukuthi kube yiziphetho ze-bevel, i-engeli kufanele ibe ngama-degree angu-30 kuya kwangu-35.

I-ASTM A139: Ukukhethwa kweIpayipi Legesi Yemvelo Elingaphansi Komhlabaimigqa:

1. Amandla nokuqina:

I-ASTM A139ipayipi lensimbi elijikelezayoyaziwa ngamandla ayo amahle kakhulu okubamba kanye nokushaya. Lezi zimfanelo zibalulekile kumapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba ngoba ahlala evezwa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokucindezela kwemvelo kanye nangaphansi komhlaba. Ukwakheka okujikelezayo kwepayipi lensimbi kuthuthukisa ubuqotho besakhiwo salo, okulivumela ukuthi likwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu kwangaphandle futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza noma ukuqhekeka.

2. Ukumelana nokugqwala:

Amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba asengozini yokugqwala okubangelwa amanzi, amakhemikhali enhlabathi nezinye izinto. Ipayipi lensimbi elijikelezayo le-ASTM A139 lixazulula le nkinga ngokunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokwembozwa kwalo okucebile nge-zinc, okunikeza isithiyo esivikelayo ezintweni ezigqwalisayo, okuqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwepayipi futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa noma ukushintshwa njalo.

3. Ukushibilika kanye nokuguquguquka:

Ipayipi lensimbi elijikelezayo le-ASTM A139 linokwethenjelwa okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela amalunga abushelelezi futhi asebenza kahle ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Lesi sici sizuzisa kakhuluamapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba, njengoba kuqinisekisa ubuqotho besistimu yamapayipi futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwepayipi lensimbi elijikelezayo kwenza kube lula ukulikhiqiza ngobude nobubanzi obuhlukahlukene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zephrojekthi, ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ekongeni izindleko kanye nokwenza ngezifiso.

4. Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko:

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yokusebenzisa ipayipi lensimbi elijikelezayo le-ASTM A139 kumapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ukuqina kwezinto, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokulula kokufakwa kunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nokushintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sayo samandla nesisindo esiphakeme sinciphisa isidingo sezakhiwo eziningi zokusekela ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okuholela ekongeni izindleko zizonke.

5. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ngezemvelo:

Ipayipi lensimbi elijikelezayo le-ASTM A139 lenziwa ngezinqubo ezinobungani nemvelo futhi linamathela ezindinganisweni zokuphepha eziqinile. Izakhiwo zalo ezingagqwali zisiza ekuvimbeleni ukuvuza kwegesi, ekugcineni zinciphise umthelela emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphindeka kabusha kwensimbi kwenza kube inketho enobungani nemvelo, okugcizelela kakhulu izinzuzo eziqhubekayo zokusebenzisa ipayipi lensimbi elijikelezayo le-ASTM A139 kumapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba.

Ekuphetheni:

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zamapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthuthwa okuphephile, okusebenzayo nokuthembekile kwalesi siphethu samandla esibalulekile. Ipayipi lensimbi eliyindilinga le-ASTM A139 liyisinqumo esihle kakhulu ngenxa yamandla alo, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukushibilika, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo. Izakhiwo zalo ezihlukile zenza kube ukukhetha kokuqala konjiniyela nabaphathi bamaphrojekthi abafuna ukwakha amapayipi egesi yemvelo angaphansi komhlaba azokuma isikhathi eside. Ngokutshala imali ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengepayipi lensimbi eliyindilinga le-ASTM A139, singaqinisekisa ingqalasizinda yokusatshalaliswa kwegesi yemvelo esimeme futhi ephephile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.