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    Amapayipi Omthungo Ojikelezayo Wemibhobho Yamanzi Eyinhloko

    Amapayipi Omthungo Ojikelezayo Wamapayipi Amakhulu Amanzi Isithombe Esifakiwe
    • Amapayipi Omthungo Ojikelezayo Wemibhobho Yamanzi Eyinhloko

    Incazelo emfushane:

    Ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ebude besikhathi kanye nokusebenza kwephrojekthi. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile embonini yengqalasizinda yipayipi elihlanganisiwe elijikelezayo. Lawa mapayipi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza njengepayipi lamanzi kanye namapayipi egesi, futhi imininingwane yawo, okuhlanganisa amapayipi ahlanganisiwe kanye namapayipi ahlanganisiwe, abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwawo. Kule bhulogi, sizobheka ngokujulile lokhuincazelo yepayipi elihlanganisiwe eliyindilinga kanye nokubaluleka kwazo embonini yokwakha.


    Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

    Amathegi Omkhiqizo

    Ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ebude besikhathi kanye nokusebenza kwephrojekthi. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile embonini yengqalasizinda yipayipi elihlanganisiwe elijikelezayo. Lawa mapayipi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza njengepayipi lamanzi kanye namapayipi egesi, futhi imininingwane yawo, okuhlanganisa amapayipi ahlanganisiwe kanye namapayipi ahlanganisiwe, abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwawo. Kule bhulogi, sizobheka ngokujulile lokhuincazelo yepayipi elihlanganisiwe eliyindilingakanye nokubaluleka kwazo embonini yokwakha.

    Sipayipi lomthungo we-piralszakhiwa kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokushisela ejikelezayo. Le nqubo ihilela ukusebenzisa ama-coil ensimbi ashisiwe ashisayo ukuze akhiwe abe yisimo esiyindilinga bese eshiselwa eceleni komthungo ojikelezayo. Umphumela uba ipayipi elinamandla aphezulu nokuqina, okwenza lifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okubanzi. Lawa mapayipi asebenzisaipayipi elihlanganisiweubuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyamelana nezici ezahlukahlukene zemvelo kanye nezingcindezi, okwenza zibe zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphansi kwamanzi.

    Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko Zomzimba Nezamakhemikhali Zamapayipi Ensimbi (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 kanye ne-API Spec 5L)

    		        

    Okujwayelekile

    Ibanga Lensimbi

    Izakhi Zamakhemikhali (%)

    Impahla Eqinile

    Ukuhlolwa Komthelela we-Charpy (V notch)
    c Mn p s Si

    Okunye

    Amandla Okukhiqiza (i-Mpa)

    Amandla Okuqina (i-Mpa)

    （L0=5.65 √ S0）Isilinganiso Sokwelula esincane （%）
    ubuningi ubuningi ubuningi ubuningi ubuningi umzuzu ubuningi umzuzu ubuningi U-D ≤ 168.33mm U-D ＞ 168.3mm

    GB/T3091 -2008

    		 Q215A ≤ 0.15 0.25 ＜ 1.20 0.045 0.050 0.35

    Ukungeza i-Nb\V\Ti ngokuhambisana ne-GB/T1591-94

    		 215   335   15 > 31  
    Q215B ≤ 0.15 0.25-0.55 0.045 0.045 0.035 215 335 15 > 31
    Q235A ≤ 0.22 0.30 ＜ 0.65 0.045 0.050 0.035 235 375 15 >26
    Q235B ≤ 0.20 0.30 ≤ 1.80 0.045 0.045 0.035 235 375 15 >26
    Q295A 0.16 0.80-1.50 0.045 0.045 0.55 295 390 13 >23
    Q295B 0.16 0.80-1.50 0.045 0.040 0.55 295 390 13 >23
    Q345A 0.20 1.00-1.60 0.045 0.045 0.55 345 510 13 >21
    Q345B 0.20 1.00-1.60 0.045 0.040 0.55 345 510 13 >21

    GB/T9711-2011（PSL1）

    		 L175 0.21 0.60 0.030 0.030  

    Ukwengeza okukodwa kwezinto ze-Nb\V\Ti noma noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yazo ngokuzithandela

    		 175   310  

    27

    Kungakhethwa eyodwa noma ezimbili zenkomba yokuqina kwamandla omthelela kanye nendawo yokugunda. Ku-L555, bheka indinganiso.
    L210 0.22 0.90 0.030 0.030 210 335

    25
    L245 0.26 1.20 0.030 0.030 245 415

    21
    L290 0.26 1.30 0.030 0.030 290 415

    21
    L320 0.26 1.40 0.030 0.030 320 435

    20
    L360 0.26 1.40 0.030 0.030 360 460

    19
    L390 0.26 1.40 0.030 0.030 390 390

    18
    L415 0.26 1.40 0.030 0.030 415 520

    17
    L450 0.26 1.45 0.030 0.030 450 535

    17
    L485 0.26 1.65 0.030 0.030 485 570

    16

    I-API 5L (PSL 1)

    		 A25 0.21 0.60 0.030 0.030  

    Ngensimbi yebanga B, i-Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; ngensimbi ≥ ibanga B, ukwengeza i-Nb noma i-V noma inhlanganisela yazo ngokuzithandela, kanye ne-Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15%

    		 172   310  

    （L0=50.8mm）ukubalwa ngokwefomula elandelayo:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Indawo yesampula ku-mm2 U: Amandla amancane okudonsa acacisiwe ku-Mpa

    Akukho noma yikuphi noma kokubili amandla okushaya kanye nendawo yokugunda okudingekayo njengenqubo yokuqina.
    A 0.22 0.90 0.030 0.030   207 331
    B 0.26 1.20 0.030 0.030   241 414
    X42 0.26 1.30 0.030 0.030   290 414
    I-X46 0.26 1.40 0.030 0.030   317 434
    X52 0.26 1.40 0.030 0.030   359 455
    I-X56 0.26 1.40 0.030 0.030   386 490
    I-X60 0.26 1.40 0.030 0.030   414 517
    I-X65 0.26 1.45 0.030 0.030   448 531
    X70 0.26 1.65 0.030 0.030   483 565

    Uma ucabangela imininingwane yepayipi lomthungo elijikelezayo, kubalulekile ukugxila ezintweni ezibalulekile njengobubanzi, ukujiya kodonga kanye nezinga lezinto ezibonakalayo. Ububanzi bepayipi bunquma ikhono layo lokuthutha uketshezi noma igesi, kuyilapho ukujiya kodonga kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqineni kwesakhiwo sayo kanye nokumelana nengcindezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo limelela ikhwalithi kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi esetshenzisiwe futhi kuyinto ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ipayipi lihlala isikhathi eside kanye nokusebenza kahle kwalo kuhlelo oluthile.

    Ekwakhiweni kweamapayipi amanzi ayinhloko, amapayipi omthungo ojikelezayo anezinzuzo eziningi. Amandla awo aphezulu okubamba kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuwenza abe ngcono ekuthuthweni kwamanzi amabanga amade, kuyilapho ukuguquguquka kwawo kuvumela ukufakwa okulula ezinkingeni nasezindaweni eziyinselele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi omthungo ojikelezayo emapayipini egesi yemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kwegesi yemvelo, okuhlinzeka ngomthombo obalulekile emikhakheni yokuhlala, yezentengiselwano kanye neyezimboni.

    ipayipi lensimbi elijikelezayo

    Ngasohlangothini lwengqalasizinda, imininingwane yepayipi lomthungo ojikelezayo ilawulwa yizindinganiso nemithethonqubo yemboni ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwayo. Isibonelo, i-American Petroleum Institute (API) ithuthukise amazinga okukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kwepayipi lomthungo ojikelezayo echaza izidingo zosayizi, amandla, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) inikeza imininingwane yokwakheka kwezinto kanye nempahla yemishini yamapayipi omthungo ojikelezayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwawo kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zemboni.

    Ngamafuphi, imininingwane yepayipi elihlanganisiwe eliyindilinga ibalulekile endimeni yalo ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lisetshenziselwa imigudu yamanzi nomaimigqa kaphethiloli, la mapayipi anikeza amandla angenakuqhathaniswa, ukuqina kanye nokuguquguquka, okwenza abe yinto ebalulekile ezweni lanamuhla. Ngokunamathela ezindinganisweni kanye nemithethonqubo yemboni, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi okuthunga ajikelezayo kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zengqalasizinda ezibalulekile, okuvula indlela yentuthuko esimeme kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi.

     

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