Yethula:
Ipayipi elikhulu elishiselweiguqule izimboni ezihlukene njengowoyela negesi, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nezokwakha, okuphawula ingqophamlando enkulu kwezobunjiniyela.Ngamandla awo amakhulu, ukuqina kwawo kanye nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo, la mapayipi asephenduke izimangaliso zobunjiniyela.Kule bhulogi, singena emhlabeni othakazelisayo wamapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe, sihlola izakhiwo zawo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nezinzuzo ezinkulu ezizilethela amaphrojekthi ezimboni.
1. Qonda ipayipi elikhulu elishiselwe ububanzi:
Ipayipi elikhulu elishiselwe ububanzi liyipayipi eliqinile elinobubanzi obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-24 (609.6 mm).Lawa mapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthutha uketshezi namagesi ebangeni elide, ikakhulukazi lapho amandla okushuba okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kubalulekile.Ipayipi elishiselwe ububanzi elikhulu lakhiwe ngepuleti lensimbi, elinikeza ubuqotho obuhle kakhulu, ukuhambisana, okwenza libe lilungele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.
2. Inqubo yokukhiqiza:
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipayipi elikhulu elishiselwe ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi zokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga eliphezulu nokusebenza kahle.Ipuleti lensimbi liqale lisikwe futhi ligotshwe libe yi-diameter oyifunayo, libe selibunjwa libe yi-cylindrical shape.Imiphetho yamapayipi ibe seyagoqwa futhi ilungiselelwe ukushiselwa, kuqinisekiswe ukuhlangana okunembile nokuqinile.Ipayipi libe selifakwa ngaphansi kwe-arc elishiselwe, lapho imishini ezenzakalelayo ishisela amapuleti ensimbi abekwe ngobude ngaphansi kongqimba lwe-flux ukuze kwakheke ibhondi engenamthungo.Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kuyenziwa kulo lonke uhlelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amapayipi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo.
3. Izinzuzo zamapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ububanzi:
3.1 Amandla Nokuqina:
Ipayipi elikhulu elishiselwe ububanzi liyaziwa ngamandla alo aphezulu esakhiwo, elivumela ukuthi likwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi ezinkulu, imithwalo esindayo kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima.Ukwakhiwa kwayo okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukunciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
3.2 Ukuhlukahluka:
Lawa mapayipi anikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, okuwavumela ukuba avumelane nezidingo ezahlukene zephrojekthi.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kukawoyela negesi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi, noma njengendawo yokugcina izinto ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi komhlaba, ipayipi elikhulu elishiselwe ububanzi liyisixazululo esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi esinikeza ukwethembeka okungenakuqhathaniswa ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene.
3.3 Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko:
Ngokukwazi ukuthutha umthamo omkhulu woketshezi noma igesi, lawa mapayipi anganciphisa isidingo samapayipi amaningi amancane, ukonga izindleko zokuwafaka nokwenza lula ukunakekelwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila kwabo okude kunciphisa izindleko zokushintshwa, okubenza babe inketho engabizi kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wesikhathi eside.
4. Izicelo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene:
4.1 Uwoyela Negesi:
Amapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini kawoyela negesi ukuthutha uwoyela ongahluziwe, igesi yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli ezindaweni ezikude.Ikhono labo lokumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu zokusebenza kanye nezimo zezulu ezinzima zibenza babaluleke kakhulu embonini yamandla.
4.2 Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi:
Izikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi, izinhlelo zokunisela, kanye namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amanzi ancike epayipini elikhulu elishiselwe ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi angaguquguquki, asebenza kahle.Lamapayipi ayakwazi ukuphatha amanzi amaningi, aqinisekisa ukulethwa ngempumelelo kwalo mthombo obalulekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.
4.3 Izakhiwo Nengqalasizinda:
Ekwakhiweni nakwingqalasizinda, amapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ububanzi abalulekile ekusebenzeni okuhlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ukunqwabelanisa, amasistimu esisekelo ajulile, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nomhubhe.Ukuqina kwazo namandla okuthwala imithwalo kubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho besakhiwo sezakhiwo nobunjiniyela bomphakathi.
Ekuphetheni:
Amapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ububanzi ashintshile ubuso bobunjiniyela besimanje kanye nayo yonke insimu.Amandla abo, ukuqina kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinto kubenza babe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthutha uketshezi negesi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi kanye nemiklamo yokwakha.Njengoba isidingo sala mapayipi siqhubeka nokwenyuka, izinga lawo eliyingqayizivele lizoqhubeka nokubumba kabusha amathuba onjiniyela, liqinise isimo sawo njengezimangaliso zobunjiniyela emkhakheni wezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-06-2023