Yethula:
Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elinobubanzi obukhuluyaguqula izimboni ezahlukahlukene njengowoyela negesi, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nokwakhiwa, okuphawula ingqophamlando enkulu kwezobunjiniyela. Ngamandla awo amakhulu, ukuqina kanye nokusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo, la mapayipi abe yizimangaliso zobunjiniyela. Kule bhulogi, sihlola umhlaba othakazelisayo wamapayipi ahlanganisiwe anobubanzi obukhulu, sihlola izakhiwo zawo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nezinzuzo ezinkulu eziletha kumaphrojekthi ezimboni.
1. Qonda ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu:
Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu liyipayipi eliqinile elinobubanzi obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-609.6 (609.6 mm). Lawa mapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthutha uketshezi namagesi amabanga amade, ikakhulukazi lapho amandla aphezulu okunamathela kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kubalulekile khona. Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu lenziwa ngepuleti lensimbi, linikeza ubuqotho obuhle kakhulu, ukuvumelana, okwenza libe yindawo ekahle yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
2. Inqubo yokukhiqiza:
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu ihilela izinyathelo eziningi ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ipuleti lensimbi liyasikwa kuqala bese ligoba libe ububanzi obufunekayo, bese lenziwa libe yisimo esiyindilinga. Imiphetho yepayipi ibe isilungiswa bese ilungiselelwa ukushisela, okuqinisekisa ukuhlangana okuqondile nokuqinile. Ipayipi bese lishiswa nge-arc engaphansi kwamanzi, lapho imishini ezenzakalelayo ishiswa khona amapuleti ensimbi abekwe ngobude ngaphansi kwesendlalelo sokugeleza ukuze kwakheke isibopho esingenamthungo. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa kuyo yonke inqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amapayipi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo.
3. Izinzuzo zepayipi elihlanganisiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu:
3.1 Amandla Nokuqina:
Ipayipi elikhulu elihlanganisiwe laziwa ngamandla alo aphezulu esakhiwo, elivumela ukuthi likwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi ezinkulu, imithwalo esindayo kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Ukwakhiwa kwalo okuqinile kuqinisekisa isikhathi eside, kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
3.2 Ukuguquguquka:
Lawa mapayipi anikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela ukuthi avumelane nezidingo ezahlukene zephrojekthi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa uwoyela negesi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi, noma njengebhokisi lezinsiza ezingaphansi komhlaba, ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elinobubanzi obukhulu liyisisombululo esiguquguqukayo esinikeza ukuthembeka okungenakuqhathaniswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezicelo.
3.3 Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko:
Njengoba enekhono lokuthutha inani elikhulu loketshezi noma igesi, la mapayipi anganciphisa isidingo samapayipi amaningi amancane, onge izindleko zokufaka futhi enze lula ukulungiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yawo ende inciphisa izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni, okwenza abe inketho engabizi kakhulu yamaphrojekthi esikhathi eside.
4. Izicelo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene:
4.1 Uwoyela negesi:
Amapayipi amakhulu ahlanganisiwe anobubanzi obukhulu asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kawoyela negesi ekuthuthweni kukawoyela ongahluziwe, igesi yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli amabanga amade. Amandla awo okubekezelela ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kokusebenza kanye nezimo zezulu ezinzima awenza abe abalulekile embonini yamandla.
4.2 Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi:
Izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi, izinhlelo zokunisela, kanye namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amanzi athembele epayipini elikhulu elihlanganisiwe ukuze lihlinzeke ngokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuqhubekayo nokusebenzayo. Lawa mapayipi ayakwazi ukuphatha amanzi amaningi, okuqinisekisa ukulethwa kahle kwalesi sisetshenziswa esibalulekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya.
4.3 Izakhiwo kanye Nengqalasizinda:
Ekwakhiweni kanye nengqalasizinda, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe anobubanzi obukhulu abalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezicelo okuhlanganisa ukufaka inqwaba, izinhlelo zesisekelo ezijulile, ukudonsa amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba kanye nokufaka imihubhe. Ukuqina kwawo kanye nomthamo wokuthwala imithwalo kubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho besakhiwo sezakhiwo kanye nobunjiniyela bezakhiwo.
Ekuphetheni:
Amapayipi amakhulu ahlanganisiwe anobubanzi obukhulu ashintshe ubuso bobunjiniyela besimanje kanye nayo yonke insimu. Amandla awo, ukuqina kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo kuwenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthwa koketshezi negesi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi kanye namaphrojekthi okwakha. Njengoba isidingo sala mapayipi siqhubeka sikhuphuka, ikhwalithi yawo evelele izoqhubeka nokubumba kabusha amathuba obunjiniyela, iqinise isimo sawo njengezimangaliso zobunjiniyela emkhakheni wezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-06-2023