Imboni kawoyela negesi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekiseni umnotho kanye nokunikeza amandla emphakathini wanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, umthelela wemipayipi kawoyela kwezemvelo uyinkinga ekhulayo. Lapho sihlola ukuthi singawuqonda kanjani ngokunembile umthelela wemipayipi kawoyela kwezemvelo, kumelwe sicabangele kokubili intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekwakhiweni kwemipayipi kanye nemiphumela yayo ebanzi kwezemvelo.
Amapayipi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uwoyela ongahluziwe kanye negesi yemvelo ukusuka lapho kukhiqizwa khona kuya ezindaweni zokuhluza kanye nezindawo zokusabalalisa. Ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwala mapayipi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni, okuhlanganisa ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukuvuza okungenzeka, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba. Ukuqonda le miphumela kubalulekile kubabambiqhaza okuhlanganisa abenzi bezinqubomgomo, izazi zemvelo kanye nomphakathi.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ekunciphiseni umthelela wemvelo wamapayipi kawoyela yikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwawo. Isibonelo, ukukhetha okuphelele kokudluliselwa kukawoyela negesiipayipiiwumkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu onezinhlobo eziningi zezitayela. Lawa mapayipi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amasu okukhiqiza athuthukile njenge-spiral submerged arc welding, enikeza amandla nokuqina okungenakuqhathaniswa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okuphephile kukawoyela negesi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza nokuchitheka okungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezindaweni zemvelo zasendaweni.
Ifektri ephethe ukukhiqiza la mapayipi asezingeni eliphezulu itholakala eCangzhou, eSifundazweni saseHebei. Yasungulwa ngo-1993, inkampani ikhule ngokushesha futhi manje ihlanganisa indawo engamamitha-skwele angu-350,000 enempahla elinganiselwa ku-RMB 680 million. Le nkampani inabasebenzi abazinikele abangu-680 abazinikele ekuhlinzekeni ngezixazululo zamapayipi ezinokwethenjelwa nezinobungani nemvelo. Ukugxila kwabo ekhwalithini nasekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kubalulekile ukuze bahlangabezane nezinselele zemvelo ezibangelwa ukuthuthwa kukawoyela.
Ukuhlola ngokunembile umthelela wemvelo we-umugqa wepayipi kawoyela, kunezinto eziningana okumele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, indlela yomzila wepayipi idlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni indawo ezungezile. Amapayipi awela izindawo zokuhlala ezibucayi njengezindawo ezimanzi noma imihubhe yezilwane zasendle abeka ingozi enkulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhlolwa Komthelela Wezemvelo (i-EIA) kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale lezi zingozi futhi kuthuthukiswe amasu okunciphisa.
Okwesibili, amathuba okuvuza nokuchitheka kumele acatshangelwe. Naphezu kwentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bamapayipi, izingozi zisengenzeka. Imiphumela yokuvuza ingaba yinhlekelele, okuholela ekungcolisweni kwenhlabathi namanzi, ukuqothulwa kwezilwane zasendle, kanye nomonakalo wesikhathi eside wemvelo. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani kumele zisebenzise izinhlelo zokuqapha nokulungisa ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bamapayipi azo.
Okokugcina, umthelela wekhabhoni ohlobene nokukhishwa kwamafutha kanye nokuthuthwa kwawo awukwazi ukunakwa. Ukushiswa kwamafutha angaphansi komhlaba kunegalelo elikhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, futhi imboni yamafutha ingumdlali omkhulu kulokhu. Ukushintshela emithonjeni yamandla esimeme kakhulu kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umthelela jikelele wokukhiqizwa kwamandla emvelweni.
Ngamafuphi, ukuqonda umthelela wemipayipi kawoyela kwezemvelo kudinga indlela enezici eziningi ebheka ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuzwela kwemvelo kwemizila yamapayipi, kanye nemiphumela ebanzi yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinto ezingaphili. Ngokutshala imali ezixazululweni zemipayipi zekhwalithi ephezulu nokubeka phambili umthwalo wemfanelo kwezemvelo, izinkampani zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni umthelela wemvelo wokulethwa kukawoyela negesi. Njengoba siqhubekela phambili ekusaseni elizinzile, kubalulekile ukuthi bonke abathintekayo bahlanganyele engxoxweni nasesenzweni esinengqondo sokuvikela iplanethi yethu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-16-2025