1. I-Carbon (C). I-Carbon iyisici samakhemikhali esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta ukuguqulwa kwensimbi epulasitiki ebandayo. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-carbon kuphakeme, amandla ensimbi aphezulu, kanye nokwehla kokuguquguquka kwe-plastic ebandayo. Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ngokukhuphuka ngakunye okungu-0.1% kokuqukethwe kwe-carbon, amandla okukhiqiza ayanda cishe ngo-27.4Mpa; amandla okudonsa ayanda cishe ngo-58.8Mpa; kanti ukunwebeka kwehla cishe ngo-4.3%. Ngakho okuqukethwe kwe-carbon ensimbini kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokuguqulwa kwensimbi epulasitiki ebandayo.
2. I-Manganese (Mn). I-Manganese isabela ne-iron oxide ekuncibilikiseni insimbi, ikakhulukazi ukuze isuse i-oxidation ensimbini. I-Manganese isabela ne-iron sulfide ensimbini, okunganciphisa umphumela olimazayo wesulfure ensimbini. I-manganese sulfide eyakhiwe ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika kwensimbi. I-Manganese ingathuthukisa amandla okubamba futhi ikhiqize amandla ensimbi, yehlise i-plasticity ebandayo, okungafaneleki ekuguqulweni kwensimbi ebandayo epulasitikini. Kodwa-ke, i-manganese inomphumela omubi emandleni okuguqulwa. Umphumela ucishe ube yi-1/4 yekhabhoni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezidingo ezikhethekile, okuqukethwe kwe-manganese kwensimbi yekhabhoni akufanele kudlule u-0.9%.
3. I-Silicon (Si). I-Silicon iyinsalela ye-deoxidizer ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa insimbi. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbini kukhuphuka ngo-0.1%, amandla okudonsa akhuphuka cishe ngo-13.7Mpa. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kudlula u-0.17% futhi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphezulu, kunomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni i-plasticity ebandayo yensimbi. Ukwandisa kahle okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbini kuzuzisa izakhiwo eziphelele zensimbi, ikakhulukazi umkhawulo we-elastic, kungandisa nokumelana kwensimbi Ukukhukhuleka. Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbini kudlula u-0.15%, ukufakwa okungeyona insimbi kwakheka ngokushesha. Ngisho noma insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon ifakwa, ngeke ithambise futhi inciphise izakhiwo zokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki ebandayo yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezidingo zokusebenza kwamandla aphezulu zomkhiqizo, okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. I-Sulfur (S). I-Sulfur iwukungcola okuyingozi. I-Sulfur ensimbini izohlukanisa izinhlayiya ze-crystalline zensimbi komunye nomunye futhi ibangele imifantu. Ukuba khona kwe-sulfur kubangela nokugqwala okushisayo kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.055%. Insimbi esezingeni eliphezulu kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.04%.
5. I-Phosphorus (P). I-Phosphorus inomphumela oqinile wokuqina komsebenzi kanye nokwehlukaniswa okukhulu kwensimbi, okwandisa ukuqina kokubanda kwensimbi futhi kwenze insimbi ibe sengozini yokuguguleka kwe-asidi. I-Phosphorus ensimbini izophinde yonakalise ikhono lokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki ebandayo futhi ibangele ukuqhekeka komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokudonsa. Okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ensimbini kufanele kulawulwe ngaphansi kuka-0.045%.
6. Ezinye izakhi ze-alloy. Ezinye izakhi ze-alloy ensimbini yekhabhoni, njenge-Chromium, i-Molybdenum kanye ne-Nickel, zikhona njengokungcola, okungenamthelela omkhulu ensimbini kunekhabhoni, futhi okuqukethwe nakho kuncane kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-13-2022