1. Ikhabhoni (C) .Ikhabhoni iyisici samakhemikhali esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta ukuwohloka kwensimbi yepulasitiki ebandayo. Ukuphakama kwekhabhoni, amandla aphezulu ensimbi, kanye ne-plasticity ebandayo ephansi. Kufakazelwe ukuthi kukho konke ukwanda ngo-0.1% kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, amandla okukhiqiza akhuphuka cishe ngo-27.4Mpa; amandla okuqina akhuphuka cishe ngo-58.8Mpa; futhi ubude buyehla cishe ngo-4.3%. Ngakho okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ensimbi kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni okubandayo kwe-plastic deformation yensimbi.
2. IManganese (Mn). I-Manganese ihlangana ne-iron oxide ekuncibilikisweni kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi ukukhishwa kwensimbi. I-Manganese ihlangana ne-iron sulfide ensimbi, enganciphisa umphumela oyingozi wesulfure ensimbi. I-manganese sulfide eyenziwe ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwensimbi. I-Manganese ingathuthukisa amandla e-tensile futhi inikeze amandla ensimbi, inciphisa i-plasticity ebandayo, engathandeki ekuguqulweni kwepulasitiki okubandayo kwensimbi. Kodwa-ke, i-manganese inomphumela omubi emandleni okuguqula Umphumela cishe u-1/4 wekhabhoni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezidingo ezikhethekile, okuqukethwe kwe-manganese ye-carbon steel akufanele kudlule i-0.9%.
3. I-Silicon (Si). I-silicon iyinsalela ye-deoxidizer ngesikhathi sokuncibilikiswa kwensimbi. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbi kukhuphuka ngo-0.1%, amandla e-tensile akhuphuka cishe ngo-13.7Mpa. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kudlula u-0.17% futhi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphezulu, kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni ipulasitiki ebandayo yensimbi. Ukwandisa kahle okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbi kunenzuzo ezingxenyeni ezibanzi zemishini yensimbi, ikakhulukazi umkhawulo wokunwebeka, kungase futhi kwandise ukumelana kwensimbi Erosive. Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbi kudlula i-0.15%, okufakiwe okungezona ezensimbi kwakhiwa ngokushesha. Noma ngabe insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon idonswa, ngeke ithambe futhi inciphise izakhiwo ezibandayo zepulasitiki zensimbi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezidingo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu omkhiqizo, okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. Isibabule (I-S). Isibabule siwukungcola okuyingozi. Isibabule esisensimbi sizohlukanisa izinhlayiya ze-crystalline zensimbi komunye nomunye futhi zidale imifantu. Ukuba khona kwesibabule nakho kubangela ukushisa okushisayo nokugqwala kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwesibabule kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.055%. Insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.04%.
5. I-Phosphorus (P). I-Phosphorus inomphumela oqinile wokuqinisa umsebenzi kanye nokuhlukaniswa okubi kakhulu ensimbi, okwandisa ukuqina okubandayo kwensimbi futhi kwenza insimbi ibe sengozini yokuguguleka kwe-asidi. I-Phosphorus esensimbini izophinde yonakalise ikhono lokuguga elibandayo lepulasitiki futhi ibangele ukuqhekeka komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokudweba. Okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ensimbi kufanele kulawulwe ngaphansi kwe-0.045%.
6. Ezinye izakhi ze-alloy. Amanye ama-elementi e-alloy ku-carbon steel, njenge-Chromium, i-Molybdenum ne-Nickel, akhona njengokungcola, anomthelela omncane kakhulu ensimbi kunekhabhoni, futhi okuqukethwe nakho kuncane kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2022