1. I-Carbon (C) .Carbon yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yamakhemikhali ethinta ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki okubandayo kwensimbi. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni, amandla aphezulu wensimbi, kanye neplastiki ebandayo. Kufakazelwe ukuthi kuzo zonke izindima ezi-0,1% zokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, amandla okuvutha akhuphuka cishe ngo-27.4MPA; Amandla asheshayo akhuphuka cishe ngo-58.8MPA; Futhi ukugcwala kuncipha cishe ngo-4.3%. Ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwensimbi kunethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwensimbi ebandayo kwensimbi.
2. I-Manganese (MN). UManganese uphendula nge-iron oxide e-smelting yensimbi, ikakhulukazi ukuze i-doxidation yensimbi. UManganese uphendula nge-iron sulfide ngensimbi, enganciphisa umphumela olimazayo wesibabule ngensimbi. I-sulfide eyakhekile yemanganese ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwensimbi. IManganese ingathuthukisa amandla ashukumisayo futhi inikeze amandla ensimbi, inciphisa amandla amabanda, angemukeleki ekuguqukeni kwepulasitiki okubandayo kwensimbi. Kodwa-ke, i-manganese inomphumela omubi kumphoqelelwa wezenkolo umphumela ungaba cishe yi-1/4 yekhabhoni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezidingo ezikhethekile, okuqukethwe kwe-mananganese kwensimbi yekhabhoni akufanele kudlule u-0.9%.
3. I-Silicon (SI). I-Silicon yinsali ye-deoxidizer ngesikhathi sokubhema kwensimbi. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbi kukhuphuka ngo-0,1%, amandla ashukumisayo anda cishe nge-13.7MPA. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kudlula i-0.17% futhi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphezulu, kunomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni kweplastiki ebandayo yensimbi. Ukwandisa kahle okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ngensimbi kunenzuzo ezindaweni eziphelele zemishini zensimbi, ikakhulukazi umkhawulo wokunwebeka, futhi ungakhulisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi. Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ngensimbi kudlula u-0.15%, inhlanganisela engeyona eyensimbi yakhiwa ngokushesha. Noma ngabe insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon ifakwa ngaphakathi, ngeke ithambe futhi inciphise izakhiwo ezibandayo zepulasitiki zensimbi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezidingo zokusebenza kwamandla aphezulu womkhiqizo, okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. I-Sulfur (s). Isibabule ukungcola okulimazayo. Isibabule ngensimbi sizokwehlukanisa izinhlayiya ze-crystalline zensimbi komunye nomunye futhi zibangele ukuqhekeka. Ukuba khona kwesibabule nakho kubangela ukuqunjelwa okushisayo nokugqwala kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe se-sulfur kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.055%. Insimbi esezingeni eliphakeme kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.04%.
I-5. Phosphorus (p). I-Phosphorus inomphumela oqinile wokuqina wokuqina kanye nokwehlukaniswa okukhulu kwensimbi, okukhulisa ubucwebe obubandayo bensimbi futhi kwenza insimbi ibe sengozini yokuguguleka kwe-acid. I-Phosphorus ensimbi nayo izokonakalisa amandla obukhazikhazi amakhaza futhi abangele ukuqhekeka komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokudweba. Okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ngensimbi kufanele kulawulwe ngaphansi kuka-0.045%.
6. Ezinye izinto ze-alloy. Ezinye izinto ze-alloy ngensimbi ye-carbon, njenge-chromium, i-molybdenum ne-nickel, zikhona njengokungcola, okunomthelela omncane kakhulu nge-carbon, futhi okuqukethwe kuncane kakhulu.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-13-2022