1. Ikhabhoni (C) .Ikhabhoni iyisici samakhemikhali esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta ukuwohloka kwensimbi yepulasitiki ebandayo.Ukuphakama kwekhabhoni, amandla aphezulu ensimbi, kanye ne-plasticity ebandayo ephansi.Kufakazelwe ukuthi kukho konke ukwanda ngo-0.1% kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, amandla okukhiqiza akhuphuka cishe ngo-27.4Mpa;amandla okuqina akhuphuka cishe ngo-58.8Mpa;futhi ubude buyehla cishe ngo-4.3%.Ngakho okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ensimbi kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni okubandayo kwe-plastic deformation yensimbi.
2. IManganese (Mn).I-Manganese ihlangana ne-iron oxide ekuncibilikisweni kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi ukukhishwa kwensimbi.I-Manganese ihlangana ne-iron sulfide ensimbi, enganciphisa umphumela oyingozi wesulfure ensimbi.I-manganese sulfide eyenziwe ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwensimbi.I-Manganese ingathuthukisa amandla aqinile futhi ikhiqize amandla ensimbi, inciphisa i-plasticity ebandayo, engathandeki ekuguqulweni okubandayo kwepulasitiki yensimbi.Kodwa-ke, i-manganese inomphumela omubi emandleni okuguqula Umphumela cishe u-1/4 wekhabhoni.Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezidingo ezikhethekile, okuqukethwe kwe-manganese ye-carbon steel akufanele kudlule i-0.9%.
3. I-Silicon (Si).I-silicon iyinsalela ye-deoxidizer ngesikhathi sokuncibilikiswa kwensimbi.Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbi kukhuphuka ngo-0.1%, amandla e-tensile akhuphuka cishe ngo-13.7Mpa.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kudlula u-0.17% futhi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuphezulu, kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni ipulasitiki ebandayo yensimbi.Ukwandisa kahle okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbi kunenzuzo ezingxenyeni ezibanzi zemishini yensimbi, ikakhulukazi umkhawulo wokunwebeka, kungase futhi kwandise ukumelana kwensimbi Erosive.Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbi kudlula i-0.15%, okufakiwe okungezona ezensimbi kwakhiwa ngokushesha.Noma ngabe insimbi ephezulu ye-silicon idonswa, ngeke ithambe futhi inciphise izakhiwo ezibandayo zepulasitiki zensimbi.Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezidingo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu omkhiqizo, okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. Isibabule (I-S).Isibabule siwukungcola okuyingozi.Isibabule esisensimbi sizohlukanisa izinhlayiya ze-crystalline zensimbi komunye nomunye futhi zidale imifantu.Ukuba khona kwesibabule nakho kubangela ukushisa okushisayo nokugqwala kwensimbi.Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwesibabule kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.055%.Insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.04%.
5. I-Phosphorus (P).I-Phosphorus inomphumela oqinile wokuqinisa umsebenzi kanye nokuhlukaniswa okubi kakhulu ensimbi, okwandisa ukuhwamuka okubandayo kwensimbi futhi kwenza insimbi ibe sengozini yokuguguleka kwe-asidi.I-Phosphorus esensimbini izophinde yonakalise ikhono lokuguga elibandayo lepulasitiki futhi ibangele ukuqhekeka komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokudweba.Okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ensimbi kufanele kulawulwe ngaphansi kwe-0.045%.
6. Ezinye izakhi ze-alloy.Amanye ama-elementi e-alloy ku-carbon steel, njenge-Chromium, i-Molybdenum ne-Nickel, akhona njengokungcola, anomthelela omncane kakhulu ensimbi kunekhabhoni, futhi okuqukethwe nakho kuncane kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2022